Metamorphosis: An Ecocritical Reading of Pessimism in Human Nature and Society

Abstract

This paper endeavors to conduct an ecocritical analysis of Franz Kafka's Metamorphosis with a focus on how the author dramatizes human nature or social behavior within the scope of the environment. Consequently, the research study focuses on the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, an insect-imitating character who represents increasing humankind alienation from the natural environment. It captures how Kafka dramatizes pessimism in human nature and society, more so after World War I amidst upper-class frameworks. Considering this perspective, the paper examines the link between societal demands, personal identity, and ecological concerns in the novel by Kafka. Based on these premises, the paper concludes that in Kafka's narrative, the current challenges associated with pessimistic and capitalistic outlook in human behaviors and society are reflected. It further goes ahead to establish how economic and social systems define the lives of human beings in society.

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