Developing Pakistani ESL Learners’ Pragmatic Competence: A Case Study of English Refusals

Khalid Ahmed, Arfan Akram, Asma Sharif, Anila Tariq

Abstract

This study investigated the development of pragmatic competence of Pakistani ESL learners through classroom teaching. The quasi-experimental research design was employed. The sample was twenty-five undergraduate Pakistani ESL learners. The impact of teaching pragmatic competence and the retention effects of learning were investigated. The experimental process comprised of the intervention of teaching the American English Refusals to Pakistani ESL students. The Written Discourse Completion tests were used at three different stages for the evaluation purpose and data collection. The mix method was used for data analysis. The qualitative analysis of the responses was conducted by the performances of learners in four stimulus types of the refusals (invitations, suggestions, offers & requests) and four aspects of accuracies (correct expression, quality of information, strategies of choices & level of formality) in the pre-test, post-test and the delayed post-test (Hudson et al. 1992, 1995). The qualitative analysis helped to elaborate the further explanation of the quantitative data. The mean scores of the students in DCTs were the quantitative data. The comparison of post-test scores showed that the pragmatic competence of Pakistani English language learners could be developed through teaching. Furthermore, the study showed that the Pakistani ESL students could retain their pragmatic competence of learning English refusals after two months of academic instructions in classroom setting. This results and findings of the study supported rich implications for the future researchers in interlanguage pragmatics and further it carried pedagogical implications related to ESL learning, teaching and course designing.